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James Brooke
Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, KCB (29 April 1803〔Birth and Baptism records http://indiafamily.bl.uk/UI/FullDisplay.aspx?RecordId=014-000031913〕 – 11 June 1868), was a British adventurer whose exploits in the Malay Archipelago made him the first White Rajah of Sarawak.
Born in India and briefly educated in England, he served in the Bengal Army, was wounded, and resigned his commission. He bought a ship and sailed out to the Malay Archipelago, where by helping to crush a rebellion, he became governor of Sarawak. He then vigorously suppressed piracy in the region, and in the ensuing turmoil, restored the Sultan of Brunei to his throne, for which the Sultan made Brooke the Rajah of Sarawak. He ruled until his death.
Brooke was criticised and officially investigated for his anti-piracy measures. He was, however, honoured in London for his work. Among his achievements was to attract the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace to the Archipelago, leading to Wallace's eight-year expedition there, and ultimately to his book ''The Malay Archipelago''.
==Early life==
Brooke was born in Bandel, near Calcutta, Bengal,〔(Calcutta Monthly Journal ), May 1803, p.158, "Bengal Births..At Bandel, on the 29th ultimo, the Lady of T.Brooke, Esq. of a Son"〕 but was baptised in Secrole, a suburb of Benares. His father, Thomas Brooke, was an English Judge Court of Appeal at Bareilly, British India; his mother, Anna Maria, born in Hertfordshire, was the daughter of Scottish peer Colonel William Stuart, 9th Lord Blantyre, and his mistress Harriott Teasdale. Brooke stayed at home in India until he was sent, aged 12, to England and a brief education at Norwich School from which he ran away. Some home tutoring followed in Bath before he returned to India in 1819 as an ensign in the Bengal Army of the British East India Company. He saw action in Assam during the First Anglo-Burmese War until seriously wounded in 1825, and sent to England for recovery. In 1830, he arrived back in Madras but was too late to rejoin his unit, and resigned his commission. He remained in the ship he had travelled out in, the ''(Castle Huntley )'', and returned home via China.
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